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contemporary ethics
Ethics is, in general terms, the study of right and wrong. It can look descriptively at moral behaviour and judgements; it can give practical advice (normative ethics), or it can analyse and theorise about the nature of morality and ethics.
Contemporary study of ethics has many links with other disciplines in philosophy itself and other sciences.〔Almond, Brenda (ed. with D Hill),1991 ''Applied Philosophy: Morals and Metaphysics in Contemporary Debate London: Routledge''.〕 Normative ethics has declined, while meta-ethics is increasingly followed. Abstract theorizing has in many areas been replaced by experience-based research.〔Appiah, Kwame Anthony. (2008). Experiments in Ethics. Harvard University Press.〕
==Practical and theoretical areas==
Psychology, sociology, politics, medicine and neurobiology are areas which have helped and been helped in progress in ethics.〔LaFollette, Hugh (2002). ''Ethics in Practice'' (2nd Edition). Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 0-631-22834-9.〕 Within philosophy, epistemology (or the study of how we know) has drawn closer to ethics.〔Cuneo,Terence, 2007. ''The Normative Web: An Argument for Moral Realism'', Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-921883-7〕 This is in part due to the recognition that knowledge, like value and goodness, can be seen as a normative concept. The traditional analyses and definitions of knowledge have been shown to be unsound by the Gettier problem.
New interest has flourished in meta-ethics.〔Michael Brady (ed.). ''2011 New Waves in Metaethics''. Aldershot : Palgrave Macmillan.〕 This has in recent years developed as a recognised category proceeding from the work of Hume, G. E. Moore and the error theories of J. L. Mackie〔Mackie, J. L. ''Ethics, Inventing right and wrong''. 1977 Penguin〕 who seeks a real basis, if any, for talk of values and right and wrong. Mackie is sceptical about solving the dilemma posed by the distinction between values and facts.
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